Proof · Mathematics Study Guides

Watch the problem
solve itself.
Then try the rest free.

Handwritten-style notes that break calculus, linear algebra, and differential equations into the annotated steps your professor never had time for — built for the 2 AM study session.

12,400+Students
240+Worked examples
6Courses covered
94%Exam improvement
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Integration by Parts — Worked Example
Step 01 — Recognize the Gap

What most students try first

∫ x · eˣ dx

= x · eˣ + C      

✗ Forgot to integrate — treated it like a product

= eˣ · (x + 1)

✗ Sign error — missed the minus in uv − ∫v du

These aren't careless mistakes — they're gaps in how the method was explained.

What the method actually requires

∫u dv = uv − ∫v du

u = x    →    du = dx

dv = eˣ dx   →   v = eˣ

= x·eˣ ∫eˣ dx

= eˣ(x − 1) + C ✓
The minus is the whole trick!

Every Proof guide shows you exactly where the step breaks — and why.

Step 02 — Build Intuition

The algebraic derivation

Integration by parts comes from the product rule:

d/dx[uv]= u'v + uv'
∫ bothuv = ∫u'v dx + ∫uv' dx
rearrange∫uv' dx = uv − ∫u'v dx
∫u dv = uv − ∫v du

The formula isn't magic — it's just the product rule flipped around. Once you see that, you never forget it.

Why it works — geometrically

u·v∫v du∫u dvu →v ↑∫u dv = uv − ∫v du

The blue area + red area = the whole rectangle. That's the formula, drawn.

Every abstract rule has a picture behind it. Proof shows you both.

Step 03 — Drill Fluency

Try it yourself — timed

Integration by Parts
1:30

Evaluate: ∫ x · cos(x) dx

What you're building toward

Calculus I / II / III

Limits, derivatives, integration techniques, series, multivariable. 240+ worked examples.

Ax

Linear Algebra

Eigenvectors, matrix decompositions, vector spaces. Visual proofs alongside every theorem.

dy

Differential Equations

ODEs, systems, Laplace transforms. The exact course your DiffEq final covers.

Σ

Discrete Math & Stats

Proofs, combinatorics, probability distributions. Rebuilt from first principles for career-switchers.

Step 04 — Prove Mastery

Your practice exam breakdown

84
out of 100
Top 18% of test-takers

Calculus II · Integration Methods

Integration by Parts9/10
U-Substitution8/10
Trigonometric Integrals7/10
Partial Fractions6/10
Improper Integrals8/10

Partial fractions improved 3 points after the annotated worked example on rational decomposition.

Who gets here with Proof

M

Maya T.

Mechanical Engineering, 2nd Year · DiffEq Final

“I was getting 52s on practice exams. After two weeks with Proof's annotated guides, I scored 89 on the actual final.”

R

Rohan A.

Data Science Bootcamp · Linear Algebra from Scratch

“The margin notes explained things my bootcamp instructor assumed I already knew. I didn't. Now I do.”

S

Simone B.

Pre-Med Freshman · Calculus I Retake

“Integration by parts finally clicked when I saw the geometric picture. It took 10 minutes. Not 10 weeks.”

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Integration Techniques — Chapter 3

24 pages · 18 worked examples · 6 margin-note annotations

Calculus IIPDF

The same chapter used in the live workshop. Integration by parts, u-substitution, and trig integrals — all annotated, all worked through completely.

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Integration by Parts — Complete Chapter